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Table 1.1 What is biotechnology?
Figure 1.1 The four pillars of biotechnology
Figure 2.1 Knowledge and skills enabling biotechnology
Figure 3.1 Simplified model of information flow in molecular biology
Figure 3.2 General scheme of gene expression
Figure 3.3 DNA: Chromosomes and genes
Figure 3.4 Protein translation
Table 3.1 Examples of protein and enzyme functions
Table 3.2 Selected RNA types
Figure 4.1 Small-molecule and biologic drugs
Figure 4.2 Biotechnology drug categories
Figure 4.3 Basic and applied research
Figure 4.4 The process of drug development
Figure 4.5 Biotechnology drug development time
Figure 4.6 Median approval times for biotechnology drugs
Figure 4.7 Declining time and cost of human genome sequencing
Table 4.1 Qualities of a “good” drug
Table 5.1 Selected nanotechnology applications in drug delivery
Table 6.1 Biotechnology application categories
Figure 6.1 Progress in agricultural yields
Figure 6.2 How cellulosic ethanol is made
Table 6.2 Selected industrial enzymes
Figure 6.3 U.S. babies born in states mandating genetic disorder testing
Figure 6.4 Stem cell types
Table 7.1 Intellectual property rights
Table 7.2 Top biotechnology patent holders
Table 8.1 Biotechnology regulating bodies
Table 8.2 Regulation of biotechnology products
Figure 8.1 Clinical trial phases
Figure 8.2 Protein-based therapeutic development times
Figure 8.3 Impact of the Orphan Drug Act
Figure 8.4 Impact of generic entry on drug price
Table 8.3 Drug names
Table 8.4 Selected generic drug naming conventions
Table 10.1 Biotechnology application categories
Figure 10.1 Biotechnology company activities
Table 10.2 Service payments
Table 10.3 Biotechnology facility operating costs
Table 10.4 Assessing biotechnology company maturity
Figure 11.1 Funding stages and sources
Table 11.1 Progressive equity dilution by funding stage
Figure 11.2 Biotechnology funding sources
Figure 12.1 Clinical trials provide valuation milestones
Figure 12.2 R&D Stages
Figure 12.3 Estimated cost and duration of biotechnology drug development
Figure 13.1 Regulations affect sales: U.S. corn exports following partial EU ban
Table 13.1 Horizontal and vertical products
Figure 13.2 Measuring target market size
Figure 13.3 Porter’s Five Forces
Figure 13.4 Simplified drug market model
Figure 13.5 Factors influencing physician prescribing decisions
Figure 13.6 Biotechnology product lifecycle
Table 14.1 Inter-company transactions
Table 14.2 Typical NIH license obligations
Table 14.3 Representative biotechnology alliances
Figure 14.1 The contribution of alliances to drug development
Table 14.4 Alliance payment types
Figure 14.2 Percent of 2006 product sales attributable to development paths
Figure 15.1 Pharmaceutical industry cost analysis
Figure 15.2 Producing and selling biotechnology products and services
Figure 15.3 R&D decision-making tools used by small biotechnology companies
Figure 15.4 Causes of drug development failure
Figure 16.1 Distribution of U.S. biotechnology companies
Figure 16.2 Global distribution of public biotechnology companies and revenues
Figure 16.3 Globalization of clinical trials for FDA approval
Table 17.1 Biotechnology business models
Figure 17.1 Building a biotechnology company
Table 17.2 Raising funds to reach developmental milestones
Figure 17.2 Value creation in biotechnology
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